Network is a collection of two or more devices connected with each other through a medium, such as cables or satellite. However, you need to configure the devices so that they can communicate with each other and share their resources and information. You also need to specify a set of rules and standards to use during communication. This set of rules and standards is called protocols and is used to enable devices to communicate in the network. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the most commonly used network protocol. It is a suite of protocols that enables network devices to send data to a network device and receive data from the network device. TCP of the TCP/IP protocol suite controls the transmission of data from the source to destination network devices. However, IP ensures that the data is transmitted to the intended network device.
While setting up a network, the IP addresses are assigned to network devices, which are used to identify the devices during communication. When you set up the network of the enterprise, it may be a vast network containing thousands of computers in the single network. It is difficult to manage the computers and communication among the computers in such a vast network. Therefore, you need to divide the networks into smaller networks called subnets.
Internet Protocol – The TCP/IP is the method or set of rules and standards by which data is sent from one computer to another computer on the internet. Each computer known as the host on the internet one host has an IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other hosts (computer) on the internet. The TCP/ IP model contains following four layers –
The Network Interface Layer –
This layer also called physical or data link layer. It is the lowest layer of TCP/IP model. The network interface layer defines a set of protocols, such as Ethernet, token ring and frame relay for network adapters, hubs, switches required to message between the network devices. While transmitting the data from the device, this layer at that device assigns a Media Access Control (MAC) address to the data frames being transmitted. Then the data frame is delivered to the destination device. On the other hand while receiving the data frames, this layer pulls off the data frames that are intended for the MAC address of the device, it is working on.
The Internet Layer –
The internet layer also called network layer. Here providing the IP address by which network routing functions, perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors. Routers operate at this layer—sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible. The Network Layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks while maintaining the quality of service requested by the Transport Layer.
The Transport Layer –
The Transport Layer provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The Transport Layer controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation / DE segmentation, and error control.
The Application Layer –
In this layer, if any error occurs it can detect and also can correct the error. After that, it can do data encrypt and compress also provide them to the user interface. Application layer interacts with application programs and is the highest level of the OSI model. Application layer contains management functions to support distributed applications. Examples of application layer are applications such as file transfer, electronic mail, remote login etc.
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